If dissatisfied with the position left after a foul, the next player may nominate the opponent who committed the foul to play again from where the balls have come to rest. At the end of each shot, the cue ball remains in the position where it has come to rest (unless it has entered a pocket, where it is returned to the "D") ready for the next shot. If successful, the value of the potted colour is added to the player's score, and the ball is returned to its designated spot on the table. In this situation, called a "re-spotted black", the black ball is returned to its designated spot and the cue ball is played in-hand, meaning that it may be placed anywhere on or within the lines of the "D" to start the tiebreak. If there are not enough points remaining on the table for a player to win the frame, that player may offer to concede the frame while at the table (but not while their opponent is still at the table); a frame concession is a common occurrence in professional snooker.

202 officially confirmed maximum breaks achieved in professional competition. Breaks of 100 points or more are referred to as a century break, and are recorded over the career of a professional player. If a player is awarded a free ball with all 15 red balls still in play, they can potentially make a break exceeding 147, with the highest possible being a 155 break, achieved by nominating the free ball as an extra red, then potting the black as the additional colour after potting the free-ball red, followed by the 15 reds with blacks, and finally the colours. The responsibilities of the referee include announcing the points scored during a break, determining when a foul has been committed and awarding penalty points and free balls accordingly, replacing colours onto their designated spots after they are potted, restoring the balls to their previous positions after the "miss" rule has been invoked (see Scoring), and cleaning the cue ball or any object ball upon request by the striker. The process of alternately potting reds and colours continues until the striker fails to pot the desired object ball or commits a foul-at which point the opponent comes to the table to start the next turn-or when there are no red balls remaining.

Each segment of the string (bead) represents one point as the players can move one or several beads along the string. If both players agree, the balls are returned to their starting positions and the frame is restarted (known as a "re-rack"), with the same player taking the break-off shot as before. At the start of a frame, the object balls are positioned on the table as shown in illustration A. Starting with the cue ball in the "D", the first player executes a break-off shot by striking the cue ball with the tip of their cue, aiming to hit any of the red balls in the triangular pack. A player could achieve a break of 15, for example, by first potting a red followed by a black, then another red followed by a pink, before failing to pot the next red. The referee then tosses a coin and the winner of the toss decides who takes the first strike. If the referee has also called a "miss"-meaning that the referee has deemed the opponent not to have made their best possible attempt to hit the object ball-the player has the option of having the balls replaced to their original positions and forcing the opponent to play the shot again.

A player wins a frame by scoring more points than their opponent. Points accumulated by potting successive object balls are called a "break" (see Scoring below). All points scored in the break before the foul was committed are awarded to the striker, but no points are scored for any ball pocketed during the foul shot. When a foul is committed, the offender's turn ends and the referee announces the penalty. 39 Another duty of the referee is to recognise and declare a stalemate when neither player is able to make any progress in the frame. If, after a foul, the next player cannot cleanly strike both sides of the object ball, the referee may call a free ball, allowing the player to nominate any other ball in place of the object ball they might normally have played. Clark, Neil M. (May 1927). "The World's Most Tragic Man Is the One Who Never Starts". The cue ball may contact an object ball directly or it can be made to bounce off one or more cushions before hitting the required object ball. The tip of the cue must only make contact with the cue ball and is never used for striking any of the reds or colours directly.

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